TCP/IP vs. OSI Model: What's the Difference?
Edited by Aimie Carlson || By Harlon Moss || Updated on October 9, 2023
TCP/IP is a suite of communication protocols used on the internet, while OSI model is a theoretical framework that describes networking layers.
Key Differences
TCP/IP, standing for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, is a set of protocols vital for internet communication. On the other hand, the OSI model, or Open Systems Interconnection model, is a conceptual framework used to understand network interactions in seven distinct layers.
TCP/IP originated from the ARPANET, the precursor to the internet, and became the foundation for the modern web. In contrast, the OSI model was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to provide a clear, layered model for network architecture.
TCP/IP operates on a four-layered model: Application, Transport, Internet, and Network Access. The OSI model, however, divides the networking process into seven layers: Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical.
While TCP/IP is widely used for real-world applications and forms the backbone of the internet, the OSI model remains largely theoretical, primarily utilized for teaching and reference.
Despite the differences in layering, both TCP/IP and the OSI model aim to provide a structured approach to networking. The OSI model offers a broad overview, while TCP/IP details specifics essential for internet communication.
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Comparison Chart
Origin
Developed from ARPANET.
Developed by the International Organization for Standardization.
Layers
Four layers.
Seven layers.
Practical Use
Forms the backbone of the internet.
Mostly theoretical, used for teaching and reference.
Layer Names
Application, Transport, Internet, Network Access.
Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, Physical.
Purpose
Set of protocols for internet communication.
Conceptual framework to understand network interactions.
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TCP/IP and OSI Model Definitions
TCP/IP
TCP/IP originated from the ARPANET.
The success of TCP/IP in ARPANET led to its widespread adoption on the internet.
OSI Model
OSI model is a seven-layered theoretical framework.
When learning about networking, students often start with the OSI model for clarity.
TCP/IP
TCP/IP operates on a four-layer model.
The Application layer of TCP/IP handles high-level protocols like HTTP and FTP.
OSI Model
OSI model was developed by the International Organization for Standardization.
The ISO introduced the OSI model to standardize networking concepts.
TCP/IP
TCP/IP is a suite of communication protocols.
The internet operates based on the TCP/IP standards.
OSI Model
OSI model provides a structured approach to networking.
By breaking down network communication into seven layers, the OSI model simplifies complex processes.
TCP/IP
TCP/IP is foundational to internet communication.
Without TCP/IP, web browsers wouldn't function as intended.
OSI Model
OSI model describes network interactions.
To understand how data travels from one computer to another, the OSI model can be referenced.
TCP/IP
TCP/IP is essential for data transmission on the web.
When sending an email, your data is transmitted using TCP/IP protocols.
OSI Model
OSI model is largely used for teaching and conceptual understanding.
While the real-world internet doesn't strictly adhere to the OSI model, it's beneficial for learning.
FAQs
Which organization introduced the OSI model?
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) introduced the OSI model.
How many layers does the OSI model have?
The OSI model consists of seven layers.
In the OSI model, which layer ensures data is in a readable format for the receiving system?
The Presentation layer of the OSI model ensures data is in a readable format for the receiving system.
Which model is more commonly referenced in professional settings: TCP/IP or OSI?
TCP/IP is more commonly referenced in professional settings due to its practical implementation on the internet, while the OSI model is often used for academic and conceptual discussions.
Is TCP/IP used in real-world internet communication?
Yes, TCP/IP is the foundational suite of protocols for internet communication.
How does TCP/IP handle data transportation?
TCP/IP handles data transportation using its Transport layer, which ensures reliable data delivery between devices.
How many layers are in the TCP/IP model?
The TCP/IP model operates on four layers.
Is the OSI model practically implemented like TCP/IP?
No, the OSI model is largely theoretical, while TCP/IP is practically implemented on the internet.
What is the primary function of TCP/IP?
TCP/IP facilitates data communication on the internet by defining standards for data transmission and reception.
Can the OSI model be used to troubleshoot network issues?
Yes, the OSI model provides a structured approach to diagnosing and resolving network issues by layer.
Which OSI model layer handles encryption and decryption?
The Presentation layer of the OSI model handles encryption and decryption.
Does the internet operate strictly based on the OSI model's seven layers?
No, the internet primarily operates on the TCP/IP model, but the OSI model provides a conceptual framework for understanding networking.
Why is the OSI model considered theoretical?
The OSI model is considered theoretical because, while it provides a comprehensive framework, real-world networks often don't adhere strictly to its seven-layer structure.
Are the protocols of TCP/IP and the OSI model the same?
No, while they address similar networking concepts, the specific protocols within each model differ.
What does TCP/IP stand for?
TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.
Which came first, TCP/IP or the OSI model?
TCP/IP predates the OSI model, originating from ARPANET.
Why was the OSI model created?
The OSI model was created to provide a clear, standardized framework for understanding network interactions.
What is the primary goal of the OSI model?
The primary goal of the OSI model is to standardize and categorize networking functions into a layered architecture for better understanding and interoperability.
Which layer of TCP/IP deals with IP addresses?
The Internet layer of TCP/IP deals with IP addresses.
Which TCP/IP layer corresponds to the OSI model's Physical and Data Link layers?
The Network Access layer of TCP/IP corresponds to the OSI's Physical and Data Link layers.
About Author
Written by
Harlon MossHarlon is a seasoned quality moderator and accomplished content writer for Difference Wiki. An alumnus of the prestigious University of California, he earned his degree in Computer Science. Leveraging his academic background, Harlon brings a meticulous and informed perspective to his work, ensuring content accuracy and excellence.
Edited by
Aimie CarlsonAimie Carlson, holding a master's degree in English literature, is a fervent English language enthusiast. She lends her writing talents to Difference Wiki, a prominent website that specializes in comparisons, offering readers insightful analyses that both captivate and inform.
